Bioobject(biomolecule)

Electrode modification

Electrochemical method, mode of experiment, type of process

Linear range

Cytochrome P450

SPE, membrane-like compounds DDAB, Au nanoparticles/DDAB
sodium montmorillonite colloid (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀) and Pt nanoparticles

CV, amperometry, SWV, vertical mode,
Protein film voltammetry

Γ=10^-15 mol /electrode*

Proteins and peptides without prostetic groups

SPE/MWCNT

SWV, DPV, Horizontal mode;
Diffusion-controlled

1 nM ÷0.1 mM

DNA

SPE/MWCNT

SWV, DPV, Horizontal mode;
Diffusion-controlled

5 ÷ 500 μg/ml, Guanine oxidation, Е=+0.7±0,05 V

0.5 ÷ 50 μg/ml, Adenine oxidation, Е=+0.96±0.05 V

Acetaminophen

SPE/MWCNT

SWV, DPV, Horizontal mode;
Diffusion-controlled

100 nM ÷5 mM