Table 1. Agents in phase I clinical trials for AD treatments.

Name

Company

Mechanism of action or target

Reference

AAD-2004

GNT Pharma

Cytokines inhibitor

159

ACI-24

AC Immune’s Supramolecular Technology

Anti beta-amyloid

50

ACI-35

ACImmune

Tau aggregation

82, 83

ALZ-801

Alzheon

Preventing aggregation of beta-amyloid

76

ARC-031

Archer Pharmaceuticals

Calcium channel blocker, antioxidant

111

ASP-3662

Astellas Pharma

Inhibitor of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1

135

AUS-131

Ausio Pharmaceuticals

Nonhormonal selective estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) agonist

115

AVN-322

Avineuro

5-HT6 receptor antagonist

95

Basmisanil (RG-1662)

Roche

GABA(A) receptor agonist

118

BI-1181181

Boehringer Inhelheim

BACE-1 inhibitor

66

Bisnorcymserine

QR Pharma

Selective Inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)

130, 131

BMS-932481

Bristol-Myers Squibb

BACE-1 inhibitor

68

BMS-986168

Bristol-Myers Squibb

Tau aggregation

84

BPN14770

Tetra Discovery Partners

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor

140

Copaxone

Cedar-Sinai Medical Center

Immunomodulator

153

Exebryl-1

ProteoTech

Modulator of β- and α-secretase activity

78

FGL-2

Enkam

Stimulates the secretion of nerve growth factor

150

GC-021109

GliaCure

Inducer of phagocytosis

160

GSK-2647544

GSK

Inhibitor of phospholipase A2

138

Huperzine A, Cerebra

NutriHerb

NMDAR antagonist, signal transduction modulator, AChEI

203

KHK-6640

Kyowa Hakko Kirin

Anti beta-amyloid

59

Lu-AF-20513

Lundbeck

Anti beta-amyloid

60

MEDI-1814

AstraZeneca

Anti beta-amyloid

58

Memogain

Neurodyn Life Sciences

Non-selective inhibitor of butyryl- and acetylcholinesterases

132

NsG-0202

NsGene

Stimulates secretion of nerve growth factor

152

PQ-912

Probiodrug AG

Glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor

144

RG-7345

Genetech, Hoffmann-La Roche

Tau aggregation

80

RP-5063

Reviva Pharma

Multitarget

96

SAN-61

Diamedica Company

Stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells acting simultaneously on amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary aggregates

77

SAR-228810

Sanofi Company

Anti beta-amyloid

57

SUVN-G3031

Suven Life Sciences

H3R antagonist

114

Telmisartan

Astellas Pharma

PPARalpha agonist, signal transduction modulator, PPARgamma modulator

172, 173

TPI-287

Cortice Biosciences

Tau aggregation

90

TTP-4000

Trans Tech Pharma

Recombinant proteins affecting beta-amyloid

61