Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods 2024, 1(1), e00207

Peroxynitrite Modification as a Way to Improve the Cytocompatibility of Sodium Alginate-Based Hydrogels

A.S. Zakharov, N.D. Nozadze, I.N. Vasilovsky, N.V. Korotkova, N.D. Mzhavanadze, I.A. Suchkov, R.E. Kalinin

Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov,
9 Visokovoltnaya str., Ryazan, 390026 Russia; *e-mail: AlexanderZakharov2019@yandex.ru

Keywords:sodium alginate; gelatin; peroxynitrite; hydrogel; fibroblasts; cytocompatibility

DOI:10.18097/BMCRM00207

The whole version of this paper is available in Russian.

Sodium alginate is one of the most frequently used materials in biomedicine. However, alginate-based scaffolds have extremely low adhesive properties and have to be improved. The authors have proposed combined hydrogels of gelatin and sodium alginate which have been modified by peroxynitrite in heterophasic conditions using ethanol. It has been determined that thus modified sodium alginate contains an increased level of carbonyl, carboxyl and nitro groups. Authors have developed chemically and chemical-enzymatically cross-linked hydrogels with better adhesive properties and absence of cytotoxicity. Moreover, sodium alginate modification has a positive impact on cell morphology in comparison with control group of non-adhesive alginate-gelatin hydrogels. It allows the further improvement and application of the biomaterial which have been developed by the authors for bioengineering scaffold production and 3D culturing.
Figure 1. Spectrophotometry of sodium alginates. Blue indicates intact sample, red and green indicate the first and second modified samples, respectively.
Figure 2. Phase-contrast microscopy of hydrogels on day 7 of cultivation. Magnification 100X.
a - A(2)G(3) hydrogel, b - A(2)mALG"1(2)G(3), c - A(2)mALG2(2)G(3). Arrows indicate cells exhibiting elongated morphology.
Figure 3. Metabolic activity of fibroblasts on chemically cross-linked hydrogels. Boxes are interquartile ranges, whiskers are minimum and maximum values, horizontal line is the median, circles and asterisks are outliers and errors.
Figure 4. Phase-contrast microscopy of hydrogels, including enzyme-crosslinked hydrogels, on day 7 of culturing. Magnification 100Х. a – hydrogel A(2)G3, b – A(2)mALG1(2)G(3), c – A(2)mALG2(2)G(3), d – A(2)G(3)TG, e – A(2)mALG1(2)G(3)TG, f – A(2)mALG2(2)G(3)TG. Hydrogel cells ALG(2)mALG2(2)G(3)TG were contrasted with MTT reagent due to low gel transparency.
Figure 5. Comparison of metabolic activity of fibroblasts on chemically and chemo-enzymatically cross-linked gels. Boundaries of "boxes" are interquartile ranges, "whiskers" - minimum and maximum values, horizontal line - median, circles and asterisks are outliers and errors.

CLOSE
Table 1. Characterization of the obtained samples of modified sodium alginates

FUNDING

The study had no additional sources of funding.

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